World Data Lab

What does it mean to be a consumer?

A consumer is one who spends, not earns

The definition everything else follows from

Spending captures the people that income misses.

Income data counts payslips. Most of the world does not have one, and plenty of people spend without earning at all. Spending is the signal that reaches everybody.

AMAmaraMarket trader, Lagos
No payslip to record
Spends $16/day on food, transport and airtime
RARaviRideshare driver, Pune
Income invisible in official data
Buys packaged goods weekly, upgrading category by category
INInesRetired teacher, Porto
Earns nothing this year
Spends $41/day drawing on savings and pension
THThandiStudent, Johannesburg
Zero earnings recorded
Household transfers fund $9/day of real purchases
WEWeiFamily of four, Chengdu
One earner counted, four consumers missed
Four distinct spending profiles across ages and categories

Everyone spends. Not everyone is a consumer.

Poor & vulnerable
< $3.65/day
0.0B
people
Lower middle
$3.65 - $13/day
0.0B
people
consumer line · $13
Core middle
$13 - $40/day
0.0B
people
Upper middle
$40 - $120/day
0.0B
people
Rich
> $120/day
0M
people

The consumer class is everyone spending more than $13 a day, PPP-adjusted. Above that line, people buy beyond necessity, and categories start to compete for the wallet.

The class keeps growing.

Net additions to the consumer class have run above 100 million people a year for most of the last decade, interrupted only once. Where those people appear, and what they buy first, is the question every growth plan turns on.

+120M
people join per year
2040
forecast horizon
Net additions to the consumer class, millions per year
avg 121M
COVID
20122030

When people can spend more, they buy differently.

Each column is a spending tier, each word a category, sized by its real share of the wallet. Hover any category to trace how its share shifts as spending power rises.

Poor & vulnerable
< $3.65/day
Lower middle
$3.65 - $13
The general consumer · 2026
Core middle
$13 - $40
The general consumer · 2031
Upper middle
$40 - $120
Rich
> $120/day

What it means for you.

An average hides consumers

A beauty brand assumed its buyers needed an income-implied $20/day threshold. Measured on spending, the real threshold was $12, and the addressable market was far larger than the average implied.

$12$20

Demand before it arrives

Because the model runs forward, you can see the year a city crosses your price point rather than reading it off last year's sales. Planning stops being a rear-view exercise and becomes a schedule.

"It changed the question from who can afford us today to who will, and when. That is a different plan entirely."

MBMarta BianchiGlobal Insights Director, Consumer Goods
See how we turn this into decisions →

Start with the consumer, not the average.

Bring your price point and your markets. We will show you who clears the line, and when.